Sep

Does “Indian blood” still matter?

Who is an Indian? How is tribal membership defined? Unlike other ethnic minorities in the United States, American Indians are defined not solely by self-designation but by federal, state and tribal laws that specify how much Indian “blood” a tribe member must possess. The idea of blood quantum —originating from archaic notions of biological race and still codified in contemporary policy—remains one of the most significant factors in determining tribal membership, access to services and community recognition. This concept, however, is not without contention.

Eva Marie Garroutte

The Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian will present “Blood Quantum: Does ‘Indian Blood’ Still Matter?,” a symposium on the concept of blood quantum and its effect on tribes across the country on Friday, Sept. 16, from 2:00 – 4:30 p.m. in the Rasmusson Theater.

“Blood quantum policies have become a powerful agent for Native Americans today, and understanding how this evolved is key to determining the future of this controversy in Indian Country,” said Kevin Gover, director of the National Museum of the American Indian.

The symposium will feature Native scholars who approach this important and complex topic from various perspectives. Sociologists Eva Marie Garroutte (Cherokee) and C. Matthew Snipp (Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma) will join historian Malinda Lowery (Lumbee) and anthropologist Kimberly TallBear (Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate) on a panel to be moderated by museum historian Gabrielle Tayac (Piscataway).

About the Panelists

C. Matthew Snipp

An enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation, Garroutte received her doctorate in sociology from Princeton University and is an associate professor of sociology at Boston College. Her background includes the study of Native American issues, health and aging, racial/ethnic identity and religion. Her latest book is Real Indians: Identity and the Survival of Native America.

Snipp is a sociology professor at Stanford University, the director of Stanford’s Center for Comparative Study of Race and Ethnicity and the director of the Secure Data Center at Stanford’s Institute for Research in the Social Sciences. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. His current research and writing examines the methodology of racial measurement, changes in the social and economic well-being of American ethnic minorities, and American Indian education.

Malinda Lowery

The author of Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation, Lowery, a member of the Lumbee tribe, teaches as an assistant professor of history at Harvard University. Her research concerns Native American identity and politics in the late 19th and 20th centuries in North Carolina. She has produced three documentary films about Native American issues, including the award-winning In the Light of Reverence.

Kimberly TallBear

A member of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate in South Dakota, Tallbear is an assistant professor of Science, Technology and Environmental Policy at the University of California, Berkeley. She is currently working on a book, Native American DNA: Origins, Ethics, and Governance (forthcoming, University of Minnesota Press). She has also co-authored articles in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Science, the International Journal of Cultural Property and the Wicazo Sá Review.

Gabrielle Tayac

Tayac, a member of the Piscataway tribe, has been a historian at NMAI since 2006. Her areas of specialty include international human rights and the Native peoples and histories of the Chesapeake Bay region. She curates exhibitions at the museum, lectures widely and has published an award-winning children’s book.