Mind your step and take a brief tour through 17 decades of collecting
With over 138 million collection objects, 2.1 million library volumes, and 137,000 cubic feet of archives, the stories of how our collections have made their way to the Smithsonian are almost as varied as the collections themselves. From a tiny mosquito to a space shuttle, we’ve seen, and moved, it all. This is an ode to all the collectors and movers that have made the Smithsonian what it is today.
1. Finding Buddha
Buddha draped in robes portraying the Realms of Existence, Freer Gallery of Art, Purchase – Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1923.15.
Due to China’s political unrest in the 1920s-30s, the Freer Gallery’s associate curator of archaeology, Carl Whiting Bishop, had to stop his excavations on archaeological sites in the Shanxi Province. Instead, he kept busy improving his Chinese and searching for artifacts to add the Freer’s new building. One such addition was a headless stone Buddha purchased for 4,800 Mexican silver dollars that continues to tell stories today.
2. Atomic Ark
Seaman 2nd class Dale Lipp, center, of Miamisburg, Ohio, holds the Navy’s famous “Pig 311” between his legs, while Seamen 2nd class Thomas Murphy, left, of Albany, N.Y., and Nathan Mangrum, right, of Nashville, Tenn., stroke the animal’s head at Washington, D.C., Sept. 24, 1946 (Credit: Byron Rollins/AP)
In 1946 under the name Operation Crossroads, the U.S. government exploded two atomic bombs at the Bikini Atoll. Two Smithsonian scientists were assigned to the mission to evaluate the environmental impact of the atomic bombs. To assess the risk of radiation to humans, government employees placed several animals on ships near the island. The lone survivor, Pig 311, was found swimming for shore. In 1949, the Smithsonian was once again reminded of Operation Crossroads when Pig 311 was sent to the National Zoo to live out the rest of her days.
3, 4. Mysterious brown-paper packages
Mrs. Edna Winston, wife of Harry Winston, presenting the Hope Diamond to Secretary Leonard Carmichael (center) and Curator George Switzer on November 10, 1958 (Photographer unknown)
On November 8, 1958, one of the most famous gems in the world was mailed by U.S. Postal Service, in a plain brown paper package, for $145.29 to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History: the Hope Diamond. An instant star, the 45.52 carat diamond has only left the Smithsonian four times since its arrival. And we love the story so much, the package became part of the collections of our National Postal Museum! (Bonus: learn more about the curse of the Hope Diamond from Smithsonian Provost Richard Kurin!)
The wrapper for the package containing the Hope Diamond is part of the collection at the Smithsonian’s National Postal Museum.
5. Moving Day for George
Photo documenting the relocation of Horatio Greenough’s statue from the West Wing of the Smithsonian Institution Building to the new Museum of History and Technology, now the National Museum of American History, across the Mall on September 6, 1962. The statue had been housed at the U.S. Capitol after its creation and in 1908 was transferred to the Smithsonian. Photo shows statue, strapped into support system, has successfully exited the West Wing of the Smithsonian Institution Building through the central southern window.
On September 6, 1962, the Horatio Greenough statue of George Washington was moved from the Smithsonian’s Castle to the partially complete Museum of History and Technology (now the National Museum of American History) in order to fit it inside before finishing the walls. While the distance between the two buildings is less than a half-mile, it took a lot of work–so much so that it remains there today!
6. A rocket ruckus
Three US military rockets stand on display before the Smithsonian Institution’s Arts & Industries Building, early 1960s. (left to right) the U.S. Army Jupiter-C satellite launcher, the U.S. Navy Vanguard satellite launcher, and the U.S. Navy Polaris A-3 missile. In those days, the area outside the museum building became known as Rocket Row. The Jupiter-C and Vanguard were put on display at the National Mall building. The Polaris was moved to the Paul E. Garber Facility. Not shown to the right of the frame is the Atlas Mercury launch vehicle. (Photo courtesy of Smithsonian Institution Archives)
Perhaps alarming to some visitors, the Smithsonian displayed rockets outside its Arts & Industries Building (1950s-1974) before our National Air and Space Museum (NASM) was built. The rockets came down in November 1974 and into the new museum, but many people have fond memories of this eye-catching attraction on the National Mall.
7. Patience breeds a National Gallery of Art…
Harriet Lane Johnston Collection exhibited at the National Gallery of Art, now the National Museum of American Art, in the Lecture Hall of the Arts and Industries Building in November of 1906, before it had been entirely remodeled. Photo shows 13 paintings, several busts on pedestals, and a statuette on a floor stand. The Gallery first opened to the public on November 24, 1906.
In 1887, our third Secretary Samuel Pierpont Langley declared that the Smithsonian “should act for the nation in the matter of Art.” He retrieved some of the paintings our first Secretary and physicist, Joseph Henry (who was generally uninterested in building an art collection or museum), loaned to our neighbors, the Corcoran Gallery of Art and the Library of Congress. Langley also took interest in the art collection of Harriet Lane Johnston, niece of President James Buchanan, who died in 1903. Unfortunately, Johnston bequeathed the collection to the Corcoran, but a clause in her will stipulated that the collection would ultimately go to a national art gallery in the Nation’s Capitol. Fortunately, the Corcoran turned it down and the collection became ours in 1906 to found the National Gallery of Art, now the Smithsonian American Art Museum
8. Collecting voices
Anacostia Historical Society members pose in front of the Carver Theater, which served as the first home for the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, now known as the Anacostia Community Museum. Louise Daniel Hutchinson, historian at the museum, is the seventh person from the left in the front row.
The Smithsonian’s Anacostia Community Museum resides in Washington D.C.’s historic African American neighborhood, and seeks to enhance understanding of contemporary urban issues both locally and across the country. Their Community Documentation Initiative makes historic data and materials available to the community, and it includes a large trove of oral histories that bring this important neighborhood to life. There are descriptions for over 160 of them online.
9. Make it two Renwicks!
Stereoscopic view of the exterior of the original Corcoran Gallery of Art designed by architect, James Renwick, Jr., and erected between 1859 and 1861 for William Wilson Corcoran’s collecton of paintings and sculpture. Statues by Moses Ezekiel are visible in niches along the south facade. The statues were installed in 1884, but were sold off the building in 1901. (Image created by J.F. Jarvis, ca. 1880s)
Not satisfied with just one Renwick building (our Castle), we acquired our second in 1966. Originally built to show Europe that America was sophisticated enough to have art (and to house the art collection of native-Washingtonian and banker William Wilson Corcoran), it was the first building built in America expressly for the display of art. In the 1950s, as it became increasingly dilapidated, Congress recommended razing the “Victorian horror.” However, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy recognized its charms and launched a successful campaign to save it. In 1965, we asked to take over the building and Smithsonian American Art Gallery’s Renwick Gallery of contemporary craft and decorative art was born.
10. The sky is falling! Wait, is that a statue?
Henry Moore’s “King and Queen” being transported via helicopter from the Hirshhorn home in Connecticut.
When Joseph Hirshhorn gave in to the persistent wooing of President Lyndon Johnston and his wife, Lady Bird, and Smithsonian’s then Secretary, S. Dillon Ripley, he agreed to donate his collection in 1966 to found a national museum of contemporary art. The question then became how to move the over 12,000 artworks, including rather large sculptures, from his home in Greenwich, Connecticut, to the National Mall in Washington D.C.? One word: helicopter.
11. It’s a bird, it’s a plane, it’s a space shuttle?!
Not to be outdone by the Hirshhorn sculpture helicopter drop, NASM’s Udvar Hazy Center near Dulles Airport received the Space Shuttle Discovery in 2012 after it flew across the National Mall in Washington D.C., delighting government workers and tourists alike.
12. Portraits of U.S. Presidents (…and people who play them on TV)
In a stupendous blurring of fact and fiction, the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery’s Director, Kim Sajet, played herself on the the Netflix show, House of Cards, to receive the “presidential” portrait of Francis J. Underwood into the collection. Painted by notable portrait artist, Jonathan Yeo, the painting is 6 feet by 6 feet and looms as large as Kevin Spacey’s depiction of the conniving and sinister Underwood. To complete the storyline, Underwood himself is quoted in the press release as saying, “I’m pleased that the Smithsonian continues to prove itself as a worthwhile institution. I’m one step closer to convincing the rest of the country that I am the President.”
13. It takes a community
Participants in the “Save Our African American Treasures” program held in May 2009 in Charleston, South Carolina. “Treasures” is a national outreach program presented by the National Museum of African American History and Culture to ensure the preservation of African American history. Looking on (center rear) are NMAAHC Director Lonnie Bunch and Congressman James Clyburn (DSC), and Deputy Director Kinshasha Holman Conwill stands at right. Visitors are learning how to preserve artifacts. (Photo by Michael Barnes)
How do you preserve African American history? One neighborhood at a time. The National Museum of African American History and Culture is visiting major cities around the country to help preserve family photographs and documents, military uniforms, quilts, and more with their Save Our African American Treasures program.
14. Not your average moving day
Warren M. Robbins correspondence files in gallery space, August 10, 2011. (Photo courtesy of Mitch Toda)
The Smithsonian Institution Archives keeps collections related to the history of the Smithsonian; its people, buildings, and events. One such collection is the papers of Warren M. Robbins, the man behind the Museum of African Art that was transferred to the Smithsonian by Congress in 1978 (now the National Museum of African Art). The 109 boxes of correspondence, photos, and memorabilia were picked up from a Capitol Hill row house in 2011, and are a testament to Robbins’ passion for the African cultures that inspired him to found the museum.
15. “Collecting Bytes” or “Taking a Byte”
How does one collect an iPad app written for iOS 4.3? It was a challenge fitting to our National Design Museum, the Cooper Hewitt, who in 2013 added its first piece of software code to the collection. Learn more about how they are using open source methodologies to preserve this alternative music browser, Planetary, for generations to come.
16. Drumming to eternity
Drum, stand, and drumsticks, 2004. Made by 120th Engineer Combat Battalion in Al Fallujah; Al Anbar Province; Iraq. National Museum of the American Indian.
During the Iraq War, on September 17 and 18, 2004, American Indian members of the U.S. Army’s 120th Engineer Combat Battalion held an Inter-Tribal Powwow at Al Taqaddum Air Base in Iraq. For the Powwow, the soldiers fashioned a ceremonial drum from a 55-gallon oil drum that was cut in half and covered with canvas from a sleeping cot. The drum was donated to our National Museum of American Indian by battalion members and their chaplain, Sergeant Debra K. Mooney (Choctaw), in 2005.
17. Ready for an 1850 close-up
Lantern slide photograph on glass in wood mount of Smithsonian Institution Building under construction, William Langenheim (1807 – 1874) and Frederick Langenheim (1809-1879) Philadelphia, 1850. Smithsonian Castle Collection, gift of Tom Rall, Arlington, Virginia
Finally, it’s only fitting to end with a unique look at one of the Smithsonian’s first treasures—our Castle. Though the Castle (which has housed exhibits, collections, and even our first Secretary!) was not completely finished until 1855, this photo was taken in the summer of 1850, while building was still underway. It is the earliest photo ever taken of the Smithsonian Castle, and the only photo of it under construction. And where did this rare photo come from? It was uncovered at a Washington D.C. Antique Photo and Postcard Show in the spring of 2015!
This post by Effie Kapsalis, head of web and new media for the Smithsonian Institution Archives, was originally published by the blog, The Bigger Picture.
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Posted: 7 September 2016
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Categories:
Art and Design , Collaboration , Feature Stories , History and Culture , Science and Nature
