Mar
15

Today in Smithsonian History: March 15, 1991

A famous and controversial painting, for its sexual implications (rather strong for the art of the period), stereotyping of Native Americans, and (conversely) "noble savage" romanticization of them. Backstory, as provided by Robfergusonjr (talk · contribs): In 1838, Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife came to the Oregon Territory to establish a mission to the Cayuse Indians under the sponsorship of the New England Mission Board. In time, immigrants also came to the area and settled around the Whitman mission. All went well until there was an epidemic of measles. The Indians were stricken by the disease and, though treated by the Whitmans, were not able to respond so well to medical treatment. Angry and terrified, they accused Dr. Whitman of deliberately poisoning them to get their land. In late November of 1847, they attacked the mission and murdered most of the staff, including Dr. Whitman and his wife. A number of others were taken captive, among them Lorinda Bewly, a seventeen-year-old teacher at the mission, who was spared from death by a Cayuse chief named Five Crows. When he saw her, he decided that he would enjoy the novelty of a white woman for a wife. Needless to say, this did not meet with a favorable response from the captured girl. Couse's painting shows us a dramatic scene – Lorinda is lying on the floor of the chief's teepee, unconscious, with bloody bonds testifying to a terrified but courageous struggle. Five Crows is seated on the floor, staring at her and unable to fathom her behavior, her aversion to him. Couse has shown us two cultures in tragic juxtaposition, and we are able perhaps to have an understanding of each.

“The Captive” , E. Irving Couse, 1891. A famous and controversial painting, for its sexual implications (rather strong for the art of the period), stereotyping of Native Americans, and (conversely) “noble savage” romanticization of them. In 1838, Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife came to the Oregon Territory to establish a mission to the Cayuse Indians under the sponsorship of the New England Mission Board. In time, immigrants also came to the area and settled around the Whitman mission. All went well until there was an epidemic of measles. The Indians were stricken by the disease and, though treated by the Whitmans, were not able to respond so well to medical treatment. Angry and terrified, they accused Dr. Whitman of deliberately poisoning them to get their land. In late November of 1847, they attacked the mission and murdered most of the staff, including Dr. Whitman and his wife. A number of others were taken captive, among them Lorinda Bewly, a 17-year-old teacher at the mission, who was spared from death by a Cayuse chief named Five Crows. When he saw her, he decided that he would enjoy the novelty of a white woman for a wife. Needless to say, this did not meet with a favorable response from the captured girl. Couse’s painting shows us a dramatic scene – Lorinda is lying on the floor of the chief’s teepee, unconscious, with bloody bonds testifying to a terrified struggle. Five Crows is seated on the floor, staring at her and unable to fathom her aversion to him. Couse has shown us two cultures in tragic juxtaposition, and we are able perhaps to have an understanding of each. (PD via Wikimedia Commons)

March 15, 1991 The controversial exhibit The West as America: Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 1820-1920 opens at the National Museum of American Art under the direction of curator William Truettner.

The goal of The West as America was to reveal how artists during this period visually revised the conquest of the West in an effort to correspond with a national ideology that favored Western expansionism. By mixing New West historiographical interpretation with Old West art, the exhibition sought not only to show how these frontier images have defined our idea of the national past but also to dispel the traditional beliefs behind the images. Many who visited the exhibit missed the curator’s point and instead became incensed with what they saw as the curator’s dismantling of the history and legacy of the American western frontier.

Republican members of the Senate Appropriations Committee were angered by what they termed the show’s “political agenda” and threatened to cut funds to the Smithsonian Institution.

 


Posted: 15 March 2019
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